LEGRAND-LESTREMAU, Severine; POSTAL, Virginie; CHARLES, Andre

doi:10.3917/th.691.0067

Métadonnées

Afficher la notice complète

Licence d’utilisation du document

LEGRAND-LESTREMAU, Severine
Laboratoire de psychologie [LabPsy]

POSTAL, Virginie
Laboratoire de psychologie [LabPsy]

CHARLES, Andre
Laboratoire de psychologie [LabPsy]

Langue

Article de revue

Ce document a été publié dans

Le travail humain. 2006-01-01, vol. 69, n° 1, p. 67-92

Résumé

La préparation à l’avance, ou anticipation, semble être un processus permettant d’expliquer la supériorité des experts dans certains domaines. Dans l’activité de traitement de texte, l’anticipation renvoie au fait de traiter plusieurs caractères à l’avance par rapport à la frappe en cours. Différentes tâches de frappe, administrées à 69 opératrices en traitement de texte, permettent d’obtenir une estimation du nombre de caractères préparés à l’avance. Nos résultats montrent que, plus les opératrices anticipent, plus leur vitesse de frappe est importante. Il semble que les méthodes d’enseignement de la frappe devraient comporter des exercices d’anticipation afin d’améliorer la performance des opératrices.< Réduire

Résumé en anglais

This article examines two experiments about the process of anticipation during transcription typing. Transcription typing is seen as a perceptive and motor activity given that the typist has to encode the text to be typed, translate into motor programs and then type the text. Moreover, anticipation is a well-learned process in word processing. The aim of this article is, on one hand, to determine whether typists develop different motor and perceptive skills according to their typing skill level. On the other hand, the question is whether the process of anticipation inhibits typing speed and whether this process is different according to the level of skill. We try to answer these questions in two experiments on typing activity which rely on speed and precision criteria. Typists were assigned into three skill level groups (beginner, skilled and expert). Skill level was mesured by typing speed (words per minute, median inter-keystroke interval and percentage of errors), experience (number of years paid as a typist) and practice (number of hours per week spent typing). General motor and perceptive skills were measured with simple reaction time task and digit symbol substitution test, whereas specific ones were estimated by a choice reaction time task (typing letters of the alphabet). Finally, the process of anticipation was measured by copying span, eye-hand span, and stopping span, which are specific typing spans. The data showed no main effect of skill level on general perceptive and motor skills (simple reaction time, digit symbol substitution). We observed a major effect of skill level on specific perceptive and motor skills (specific choice reaction time). Anova analysis revealed the extent to which skill level has an effect on span capacity. More precisely, copying span capacity increased progressively from beginner to expert. The increase of eye-hand span capacity explained the transition from skilled typist to expert typist. Finally, the capacity of stopping span increased from beginner to skilled typist. It seems that the implication of the process of anticipation measured by copying span, eye-hand span and stopping span depends on typists’ skill level. These results suggest that training methods for typing should concentrate on anticipation exercises in order to improve typists’ performance.< Réduire

Mots clés

Traitement de texte

Expertise

Habileté

Processus cognitifs

Anticipation

Mots clés en anglais

Word processing

Skill

Cognitive Processes

Anticipation Process