OBJECTIVE: Cancers represent one of the leading cause of mortality/morbidity in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) in industrialized countries. The objective of our study was to compare incidence of lung and HPV-related cancers among PLHIV with general population over the 2010-2017 period.Design: Prospective and multicenter cohort study. METHODS: The study included patients with lung and HPV-related cancers from the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort (PLHIV) and the general population-based cancer registry in Gironde area. We calculated incidence rates (IR) for 100,000 Person Year (PY) and Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR). RESULTS: Among the 3,572 PLHIV, 70 cancers were diagnosed in 68 patients including 35 lung and 35 HPV-related cancers (18 oropharyngeal, 11 anal, 6 cervix). IR of lung and HPV-related-cancers were 311.1 in PLHIV and 209.8 in general population for 100,000 PY, respectively. IRR were significantly increased in PLHIV for lung 1.8 [1.4; 2.2] and HPV-related cancer 1.3 [1.0; 1.6] and particularly high for patients between 40-49 years-old (IRR 4.4 [2.3; 8.4] for lung cancer and 3.7 [2.1; 6.5] for HPV-related cancer). CONCLUSIONS: We emphasized the persistent high risk of lung and HPV-related cancer despite advent of antiretroviral therapies, particularly in the age strata of 40-49 years. Screening procedures should take into account this finding.Read less <