The Dalrymple Trough is a 150-km-long, 30-km-wide basin located at the northern termination of the Owen Fracture Zone (OFZ), which is the present-day active India-Arabia plate boundary. The Dalrymple Trough is closely associated with the Murray Ridge, a complex of prominent bathymetric highs located on its eastern flank. Recent multibeam mapping of the connection between the Dalrymple Trough and the OFZ revealed a horsetail structure, which suggests a close relationship between geological histories of both structures. However, the 3-6 Ma age of initiation of the OFZ contrasts with the commonly accepted Early Miocene emplacement of the Dalrymple Trough. Recent seismic lines document a new tectonic history of the Dalrymple Trough, involving two major episodes of deformation along the India-Arabia plate boundary at ~ 8-10 Ma and ~ 1.9 ± 0.9 Ma. The 8-10 Ma episode is marked by a system of folds linked to the main uplift of the southern Murray Ridge and the first uplift of the northern Murray Ridge. This episode is related to a global plate reorganization event in the Late Miocene, well expressed by intraplate deformation in the Central Indian Ocean. The Dalrymple Trough opened at ~ 1.9 ± 0.9 Ma subsequently to the formation of a stepover at the India-Arabia plate boundary, coeval with the regional M-unconformity in the Oman abyssal plain, which marks a structural reorganization of the Makran accretionary wedge, and the last uplift of the northern Murray Ridge.Read less <