OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of all-cause death, hospitalizations (any cause), ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease or infection, uterine perforation, device removal, neuro-psychiatric drugs initiation, or new psychiatric visit(s) between levonorgestrel (LNG) 52mg intrauterine system (IUS) and copper intrauterine device (IUD) users in France. STUDY DESIGN: We identified a historical cohort of women aged 20-55years with a first dispensing of either LNG 52mg IUS or copper-IUD between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014, in the French National Claims database, SNDS. We used propensity score matching to balance the two groups on baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics to minimize confounding. We estimated Cox proportional hazards models to compare health outcomes between LNG 52mg IUS and copper-IUDs users. RESULTS: We matched 9318 LNG 52mg IUS users (mean age 36.2+/-6.8years) to 10,185 copper-IUD users (mean age 35.4+/-7.1years). After matching and age-adjustment, LNG 52mg IUS users had a slightly higher risk of anxiolytic drugs initiation (HR 1.08, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.15) and device removal (HR 1.05, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.10) compared to copper-IUD users, with no differences for other studied outcomes. CONCLUSION: French IUS users report slightly more anxiolytic treatment initiation and IUD removal compared to copper-IUD users. These results are consistent with a potential pharmacovigilance signal of anxiety-related disorders in LNG 52mg IUS users. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT: In French LNG 52mg IUS users, there was slightly more anxiolytic treatment initiation and IUD removal compared to copper-IUD users. No risk difference was found for all-cause death, hospitalizations, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic disorders, and uterine perforation. We cannot exclude that the associations are related to differences in characteristics of women who chose each type of type of IUD.< Réduire