In the past decade, arboviruses - arthropod-borne viruses - have been the focus of public health institutions worldwide following a spate of devastating outbreaks. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus that belongs to the alphavirus genus, is a re-emerging arthritogenic virus that has caused explosive outbreaks since 2006, notably in the Reunion Island, and more recently in the Caribbean, South America, India and South-East Asia. The severity of arthritic disease caused by CHIKV has prompted public health authorities of affected countries to develop specific guidelines to tackle this pathogen. CHIKV disease (CHIKVD) manifests first as an acute stage of severe joint inflammation and febrile illness, which later progresses to a chronic stage, where patients can experience debilitating and persisting articular pain for extended periods. This review aims to provide a broad perspective on current knowledge of CHIKV pathogenesis by identifying key clinical and experimental studies that have contributed to our understanding of CHIKVD to date. In addition, this review explores the practical aspects treatment and management of both acute and chronic CHIKVD patients based on clinical experience during CHIKV outbreaks. Finally, recent findings on potential therapeutic solutions - from antivirals to immunomodulatory drugs - are reviewed to provide both viral immunologists and clinical rheumatologists with a balanced perspective on the nature of a re-emerging arboviral disease of significant public health concern, and an insight into future therapeutic approaches to better address the treatment and management of CHIKVD patients.< Réduire