Trabecular bone microarchitecture responds to loading variation, making it useful to study skeletal development. The acquisition of locomotion is an important social milestone leading to childhood autonomy. Although microarchitectural studies have become more common, variation related to locomotor ontogeny is little understood in the context of both normal and pathological development. This study characterizes trabecular changes in the radius and femur during locomotor development.Radial and femoral distal metaphyses of 46 children (25 girls, 14.3±9.7 months), from the Certosa identified skeletons collection (Bologna University) were μCT-scanned (resolution: 9-18 μm, bone size dependent). These children lived in Bologna in the late 19th century and are of known age, sex, and cause-of-death, and of middle socio-economic class. With Medtool 4.4, we quantified the bone volume fraction (BV/TV), degree of anisotropy (DA), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and spacing (Tb.Sp), and mapped them using the Phenotypic Point Cloud Analysis (α-level at p&lt;0.05).Twenty-six children presented no pathological bone signs, and 20 presented signs consistent with rickets. The non-pathological sample highlights variation of the trabecular microarchitecture in both the radius (BV/TV) and femur (BV/TV, DA, Tb.Th). As the bones grow, the radius changes from a homogenous distribution of BV/TV to a more concentric pattern with higher values medially and finally a pattern of higher bone volume posteriorly. In the femur there are no differences for Tb.Th and BV/TV between medial and lateral sides and bone is more isotropic at the periphery than at the centre. In older juveniles both medial and lateral aspects of the bone present similar BV/TV and Tb.Th with a more isotropic trabecular bone at the midline. The pathological radii show a trabecular organisation similar to the one of younger individuals from the non-pathological sample, with a lower BV/TV and Tb.Th, a higher Tb.Sp and a more variable DA.Microarchitectural patterns in the radius and femur in the non-pathological sample may reflect the acquisition and maturation of bipedal walking. The pattern observed in the pathological sample confirms a degraded trabecular network, perhaps also due to delayed locomotor development as rickets mainly affects infants aged 6-24 months, period of this specific phase of development.< Réduire