As primary producers, microalgae can be directly affected by herbicides. These organisms can also be impacted by other environmental elements such as the dissolved organic matter (DOM), that may also interact with pesticides. Indeed, MOD can affect pollutant transport, fate, biodegradation, bioavailability, and toxicity on organisms. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether natural DOM influence the toxicity of three herbicides (irgarol (I), diuron (D) and S-metolachlor (S)), single and in mixture, on two marine microalgae, Chaetoceros calcitrans (Cc) and Tetraselmis suecica (Ts). After 6-day exposures to each herbicide (I0.05 and I0.5 µg.L-1; D0.05 and D0.5 µg.L-1; S0.5 and S5 µg.L-1) and to mixtures (M1: I0.05+D0.05+S0.5 and M2: I0.5+D0.5+S5), the effects of herbicides were assessed on growth (doubling time TD), photosynthetic yield (Yeff), reactive oxygen species presence and intracellular relative lipid content. For each condition, two sets of triplicates were run: one with natural DOM added to the culture media, another without DOM. Without DOM, I0.5 and M2 significantly affected almost all parameters with similar trends in both species: an increase of TD by more than twice (+125% and +129% for Cc and Ts respectively, at I0.5), a decrease of Yeff (approximately 30%) and a decrease of the relative lipid content. The M2 impacts observed in Cc were similar to the effects induced by irgarol at 0.5 µg.L-1, however a higher toxicity was shown for Ts (+167% for TD), suggesting a possible synergistic effect of mixture. When DOM was added in the culture media, significant effects were also observed with I0.5 and M2 conditions for both species: while the effects of I0.5 in TD of Cc were decreased (+101%), they were strongly enhanced for Ts (+178%), as were the effects of M2 (+298%). The presence of DOM decreased the herbicide toxicity for Cc whereas toxic effects were increased for Ts. These results may partly be due to the complexation between DOM and herbicides, leading to a lower bioavailability of herbicides. However, the difference in toxicity between the two species remains to be explained. Analysis of herbicide concentrations, dissolved organic carbon concentration and DOM, which are still ongoing, will help to improve the understanding of interactions between microalgae, herbicides and DOM. Finally, this study demonstrates the importance to consider DOM as a major factor possibly involved in toxicity modulation in the environment.< Réduire