Background The impact of geographical accessibility on cancer survival has been investigated in few studies, with most research focusing on access to reference care centers, using overall mortality and limited to specific cancer sites. This study aims to examine the association of access to primary care with mortality in excess of patients with the 10 most frequent cancers in France, while controlling for socioeconomic deprivation. Methods This study included a total of 151,984 cases diagnosed with the 10 most common cancer sites in 21 French cancer registries between 2013 and 2015. Access to primary care was estimated using two indexes: the Accessibilité Potentielle Localisée index (access to general practitioners) and the Scale index (access to a range of primary care clinicians). Mortality in excess was modelized using an additive framework based on expected mortality based on lifetables and observed mortality. Findings Patients living in areas with less access to primary care had a greater mortality in excess for some very common cancer sites like breast (women), lung (men), liver (men and women), and colorectal cancer (men), representing 46% of patients diagnosed in our sample. The maximum effect was found for breast cancer; the excess hazard ratio was estimated to be 1.69 (95% CI, 1.20–2.38) 1 year after diagnosis and 2.26 (95% CI, 1.07–4.80) 5 years after diagnosis. Interpretation This study revealed that this differential access to primary care was associated with mortality in excess for patients with cancer and should become a priority for health policymakers to reduce these inequalities in health care accessibility.< Réduire