We investigated the utility of nuclear and cytoplasmic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for timber tracking of the intensively logged and commercialized Amazonian tree Jacaranda copaia. Eight hundred thir-ty-two trees were sampled (cambium or leaves) from 38 sampling sites in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Peru. A total of 128 SNP markers (113 nuclear, 11 chloroplastic, and 4 mitochondrial) were used for genotyping the samples. Bayesian cluster analyses were carried out to group individuals into homogeneous genetic groups for self-assignment tests of groups of indi-viduals or of individuals to their population of origin. Cluster analysis based on all SNP markers detected seven main genetic groups. Genetic differentia-tion was high among populations (0.484) and among genetic groups (0.415), and populations showed a strong isolation-by-distance pattern. Self-assignment test of groups of individual for all loci was able to determine the population origin of all samples (accuracy= 100%). Self-assignment tests of individuals was able to assigin the origin of 94.5–100% of individuals (accuracy: 91.7–100%). Our results show that the use of 128 SNP markers is suitable to correctly determine the origin of J. copaia timber and they should be considered a useful tool for customs and local and international police.< Leer menos