Storm-induced marine flooding: Lessons from a multidisciplinary approach
FORTUNATO, André B.
Laboratório nacional de engenharia civil [Lisboa] = National Laboratory for Civil Engineering [Lisbon] = Laboratoire national de génie civil [Lisbonne] [LNEC]
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Laboratório nacional de engenharia civil [Lisboa] = National Laboratory for Civil Engineering [Lisbon] = Laboratoire national de génie civil [Lisbonne] [LNEC]
FORTUNATO, André B.
Laboratório nacional de engenharia civil [Lisboa] = National Laboratory for Civil Engineering [Lisbon] = Laboratoire national de génie civil [Lisbonne] [LNEC]
Laboratório nacional de engenharia civil [Lisboa] = National Laboratory for Civil Engineering [Lisbon] = Laboratoire national de génie civil [Lisbonne] [LNEC]
SAUZEAU, Thierry
Centre de recherches interdisciplinaires en histoire, histoire de l'art et musicologie [EA 4270] [CRIHAM [Limoges, Poitiers]]
Axe 2 (2017-2021) : "Vulnérabilités et risques" (MSHS Poitiers)
Centre de recherches interdisciplinaires en histoire, histoire de l'art et musicologie [EA 4270] [CRIHAM [Limoges, Poitiers]]
Axe 2 (2017-2021) : "Vulnérabilités et risques" (MSHS Poitiers)
JAN, Gwenaële
Etablissement Principal du Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine à Brest (EPSHOM) – Brest, section Géodésie–Géophysique
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Etablissement Principal du Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine à Brest (EPSHOM) – Brest, section Géodésie–Géophysique
Idioma
EN
Article de revue
Este ítem está publicado en
Earth-Science Reviews. 2017-02, vol. 165, p. 151 - 184
Resumen en inglés
There is a growing interest for marine flooding related to recent catastrophic events and their unintended consequences in terms of casualties and damages, and to the increasing population and issues along the coasts in a ...Leer más >
There is a growing interest for marine flooding related to recent catastrophic events and their unintended consequences in terms of casualties and damages, and to the increasing population and issues along the coasts in a context of changing climate. Consequently, the knowledge on marine flooding has progressed significantly for the last years and this review, focused on storm-induced marine submersions, responds to the need for a synthesis. Three main components are presented in the review: (1) a state-of-the-art on marine submersions from the viewpoint of several scientific disciplines; (2) a selection of examples demonstrating the added value of interdisciplinary approaches to improve our knowledge of marine submersions; (3) a selection of examples showing how the management of future crises or the planning efforts to adapt to marine submersions can be supported by new results or techniques from the research community.From a disciplinary perspective, recent progress was achieved with respect to physical processes, numerical modeling, the knowledge of past marine floods and vulnerability assessment. At a global scale, the most vulnerable coastal areas to marine flooding with high population density are deltas and estuaries. Recent and well-documented floods allow analyzing the vulnerability parameters of different coastal zones. While storm surges can nowadays be reproduced accurately, the modeling of coastal flooding is more challenging, particularly when barrier breaches and wave overtopping have to be accounted for. The chronology of past marine floods can be reconstructed combining historical archives and sediment records. Sediment records of past marine floods localized in back barrier depressions are more adequate to reconstruct past flooding chronology. For the two last centuries, quantitative and descriptive historical data can be used to characterize past marine floods. Beyond providing a chronology of events, sediment records combined with geochronology, statistical analysis and climatology, can be used to reconstruct millennial-scale climate variability and enable a better understanding of the possible regional and local long-term trends in storm activity. Sediment records can also reveal forgotten flooding of exceptional intensity, much more intense than those of the last few decades. Sedimentological and historical archives, combined with high-resolution topographic data or numerical hindcast of storms can provide quantitative information and explanations for marine flooding processes. From these approaches, extreme past sea levels height can be determined and are very useful to complete time series provided by the instrumental measurements on shorter time scales. In particular, historical data can improve the determination of the return periods associated with extreme water levels, which are often inaccurate when computed based on instrumental data, due to the presence of gaps and too short time-series. Long-term numerical hindcast of tides and surges can also be used to provide the required time series for statistical analysis. Worst-case scenarios, used to define coastal management plans and strategies, can be obtained from realistic atmospheric settings with different tidal ranges and by shifting the trajectory of storms.Management of future crises and planning efforts to adapt to marine submersions are optimized by predictions of water levels from hydrodynamic models. Such predictions combined with in situ measurements and analysis of human stakes can be used to define a vulnerability index. Then, the efficiency of adaptation measures can be evaluated with respect to the number of lives that could be potentially saved. Numerical experiments also showed that the realignment of coastal defenses could result in water level reduction up to 1 m in the case where large marshes are flooded. Such managed realignment of coastal defenses may constitute a promising adaptation to storm-induced flooding and future sea level rise. From a legal perspective, only a few texts pay specific attention to the risk of marine flooding whether nationally or globally. Recent catastrophic events and their unintended consequences in terms of death and damages have triggered political decisions, like in USA after hurricane Katrina, and in France after catastrophic floods that occurred in 2010.< Leer menos
Palabras clave en inglés
Overflowing
Overtopping
Climate change
Historical archives
Risk
storm flood deposits
vulnerability
Storm surge
Marine flooding
Past marine floods
Public policies
Barrier breaching
Coastal realignment
Submersions forecast
Numerical model
Centros de investigación