No-till (NT) management is used under various cropping systems in the context of conservation agriculture. NT could modify the soil physico-chemical and biological properties including phosphorus (P) stratification along soil profile, and consequently, the crop root development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different tillage and P fertilization rates on soybean (Glycin max, L.) root distribution and morphology. A corn-soybean rotation field experiment was established in 1992 at L’Acadie, Eastern Canada. It is a split-plot design (four replicates) with main and sun-plot factors as tillage (moldboard plough (MP) and NT) and P fertilization (0 (0P), 17.5 (0.5P) and 35 (1P) kg P ha-1 every two years). Soybean roots and shoots were sampled in 2015 at flowering stage. Root samples were taken by collecting 8-cm diameter cores to a depth of 40 cm at 5 cm, 15 cm and 25 cm perpendicularly to the crop row. Cores were then cut at 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-60 cm. After washing, root lengths (RLs) were determined with WinRHIZO. Shoot biomass was weighted. Tillage had significantly effects on vertical root partition, especially for 0-20 cm. Soybean in NT had an average RLD of 1.95 cm cm-3. And roots mostly accumulated at 0-10 cm with 44% of the total RL. Whereas, MP had a lower RLD (1.55 cm cm-3), with the highest root length proportion at 10-20 cm (36%). Moreover, 0P and 0.5P treatments had, respectively, +16% and +18% higher (not significantly) RLD compared to 1P. The higher proportion of roots in surface layers in NT and reduced RLD with 1P might indicate a high sensibility of soybean roots to P sources. However, more roots and higher root/shoot in NT signified a P acquisition pressure for soybean roots, which could be related to the water availability in the surface layers.< Réduire