MARTINEZ-VIVALTA, Jordi
Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications [CREAF]
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats = Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies [ICREA]

MAYR, Stefan
Department of Botany

MCCULLOH, Katherine A.
Department of Botany

MENCUCCINI, Maurizio
School of GeoSciences
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats = Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies [ICREA]

MITCHELL, Patrick J.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Australia] [CSIRO]

MORRIS, Hugh
Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology

NARDINI, Andrea
Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste

PITTERMANN, Jarmila

PLAVCOVÁ, Lenka
Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology
Department of Renewable Resources

SCHREIBER, Stefan G.
Department of Renewable Resources

SPERRY, John S.
Department of Biology

WRIGHT, Ian J.
Department of Biological Sciences

ZANNE, Amy E.
State University of New York [SUNY]

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Ce document a été publié dans

New Phytologist. 2016, vol. 209, n° 1, p. 123-136

Wiley

Résumé en anglais

The evolution of lignified xylem allowed for the efficient transport of water under tension, but also exposed the vascular network to the risk of gas emboli and the spread of gas between xylem conduits, thus impeding sap transport to the leaves. A well-known hypothesis proposes that the safety of xylem (its ability to resist embolism formation and spread) should trade off against xylem efficiency (its capacity to transport water). We tested this safety–efficiency hypothesis in branch xylem across 335 angiosperm and 89 gymnosperm species. Safety was considered at three levels: the xylem water potentials where 12%, 50% and 88% of maximal conductivity are lost. Although correlations between safety and efficiency were weak (r2 < 0.086), no species had high efficiency and high safety, supporting the idea for a safety–efficiency tradeoff. However, many species had low efficiency and low safety. Species with low efficiency and low safety were weakly associated (r2 < 0.02 in most cases) with higher wood density, lower leaf- to sapwood-area and shorter stature. There appears to be no persuasive explanation for the considerable number of species with both low efficiency and low safety. These species represent a real challenge for understanding the evolution of xylem.< Réduire

Mots clés en anglais

cavitation

embolism

mean annual precipitation

mean annual temperature

xylem

hydraulic conductivity

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Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world's woody plant species

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