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ATLASGAL: 3 mm class I methanol masers in high-mass star formation regions
| dc.contributor.author | YANG, W. | |
| dc.contributor.author | GONG, Y. | |
| hal.structure.identifier | Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy | |
| dc.contributor.author | MENTEN, K. | |
| dc.contributor.author | URQUHART, J. | |
| hal.structure.identifier | Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy | |
| dc.contributor.author | HENKEL, C. | |
| hal.structure.identifier | Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie [MPIFR] | |
| dc.contributor.author | WYROWSKI, F. | |
| hal.structure.identifier | Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] [LAB] | |
| dc.contributor.author | CSENGERI, T. | |
| dc.contributor.author | ELLINGSEN, S. | |
| dc.contributor.author | BEMIS, A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | JANG, J. | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-07-07 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0004-6361 | |
| dc.description.abstractEn | Context. Class I methanol masers are known to be associated with shocked outflow regions around massive protostars, indicating a possible link between the maser properties and those of their host clumps. Aims. The main goals of this study are (1) to search for new class I methanol masers, (2) to statistically study the relationship between class I masers and shock tracers, (3) to compare the properties between class I masers and their host clumps, also as a function of their evolutionary stage, and (4) to constrain the physical conditions that excite multiple class I masers simultaneously. Methods. We analysed the 3 mm wavelength spectral line survey of 408 clumps identified by the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL), which were observed with the IRAM 30-meter telescope, focusing on the class I methanol masers with frequencies near 84, 95, and 104.3 GHz. Results. We detect narrow maser-like features towards 54, 100, and 4 sources in the maser lines near 84, 95, and 104.3 GHz, respectively. Among them, 50 masers at 84 GHz, 29 masers at 95 GHz, and 4 rare masers at 104.3 GHz are new discoveries. The new detections increase the number of known 104.3 GHz masers from five to nine. The 95 GHz class I methanol maser is generally stronger than the 84 GHz maser counterpart. We find nine sources showing class I methanol masers, but no SiO emission, indicating that class I methanol masers might be the only signpost of protostellar outflow activity in extremely embedded objects at the earliest evolutionary stage. Class I methanol masers that are associated with sources that show SiO line wings are more numerous and stronger than those without such wings. The total integrated intensity of class I methanol masers is well correlated with the integrated intensity and velocity coverage of the SiO (2−1) emission. The properties of class I methanol masers are positively correlated with the bolometric luminosity, clump mass, and peak H 2 column density of their associated clumps, but are uncorrelated with the luminosity-to-mass ratio, dust temperature, and mean H 2 volume density. Conclusions. We suggest that the properties of class I masers are related to shocks traced by SiO. Based on our observations, we conclude that class I methanol masers at 84 and 95 GHz can trace a similar evolutionary stage to the H 2 O maser, and appear prior to 6.7 and 12.2 GHz methanol and OH masers. Despite their small number, the 104.3 GHz class I masers appear to trace a shorter and more evolved stage compared to the other class I masers. | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | EDP Sciences | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ | |
| dc.title.en | ATLASGAL: 3 mm class I methanol masers in high-mass star formation regions | |
| dc.type | Article de revue | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.1051/0004-6361/202346227 | |
| dc.subject.hal | Physique [physics]/Astrophysique [astro-ph]/Astrophysique galactique [astro-ph.GA] | |
| dc.identifier.arxiv | 2305.04264 | |
| bordeaux.journal | Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A | |
| bordeaux.page | A112 | |
| bordeaux.volume | 675 | |
| bordeaux.peerReviewed | oui | |
| hal.identifier | hal-04298964 | |
| hal.version | 1 | |
| hal.popular | non | |
| hal.audience | Internationale | |
| hal.origin.link | https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr//hal-04298964v1 | |
| bordeaux.COinS | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=Astronomy%20and%20Astrophysics%20-%20A&A&rft.date=2023-07-07&rft.volume=675&rft.spage=A112&rft.epage=A112&rft.eissn=0004-6361&rft.issn=0004-6361&rft.au=YANG,%20W.&GONG,%20Y.&MENTEN,%20K.&URQUHART,%20J.&HENKEL,%20C.&rft.genre=article |
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