BERGER, Eric; BUSENITZ, J.; CLASSEN, T.; P. DECOWSKI, M.; DWYER, D.A.; ELOR, G.; FRANK, A.; J. FREEDMAN, S.; K. FUJIKAWA, B.; GALLOWAY, M.; GRAY, F.; M. HEEGER, K.; HSU, L.; ICHIMURA, K.; KADEL, R.; KEEFER, G.; LENDVAI, C.; MCKEE, D.; O'DONNELL, T.; PIEPKE, A.; M. STEINER, H.; SYVERSRUD, D.; WALLIG, J.; A. WINSLOW, L.; EBIHARA, T.; ENOMOTO, S.; FURUNO, K.; GANDO, Y.; IKEDA, H.; INOUE, K.; KIBE, Y.; KISHIMOTO, Y.; KOGA, M.; MINEKAWA, Y.; MITSUI, T.; NAKAJIMA, K.; NAKAMURA, K.; OWADA, K.; SHIMIZU, I.; SHIMIZU, Y.; SHIRAI, J.; SUEKANE, F.; SUZUKI, A.; TAMAE, K.; YOSHIDA, S.; KOZLOV, A.; MURAYAMA, H.; GRANT, C.; S. LEONARD, D.; K. -B LUK, *; JILLINGS, C.; MAUGER, C.; D. MCKEOWN, R.; ZHANG, C.; E. LANE, C.; MARICIC, J.; MILETIC, T.; BATYGOV, M.; G. LEARNED, J.; MATSUNO, S.; PAKVASA, S.; FOSTER, J.; A. HORTON-SMITH, G.; TANG, A.; DAZELEY, S.; E. DOWNUM, K.; GRATTA, G.; TOLICH, K.; BUGG, W.; EFREMENKO, Y.; KAMYSHKOV, Y.; PEREVOZCHIKOV, O.; J. KARWOWSKI, H.; M. MARKOFF, D.; TORNOW, W.; PIQUEMAL, F.; RICOL, J.S.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/4/04/P04017

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Journal of Instrumentation. 2009-04, vol. 4, p. P04017

IOP Publishing

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We have successfully built and operated a source deployment system for the KamLAND detector. This system was used to position radioactive sources throughout the delicate 1-kton liquid scintillator volume, while meeting stringent material cleanliness, material compatibility, and safety requirements. The calibration data obtained with this device were used to fully characterize detector position and energy reconstruction biases. As a result, the uncertainty in the size of the detector fiducial volume was reduced by a factor of two. Prior to calibration with this system, the fiducial volume was the largest source of systematic uncertainty in measuring the number of anti-neutrinos detected by KamLAND. This paper describes the design, operation and performance of this unique calibration system.< Leer menos

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Scintillators

scintillation and light emission processes (solid

gas and liquid scintillators)

Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers

sources

particle-beams

Detector design and construction technologies and materials

Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics

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The KamLAND Full-Volume Calibration System

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