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Temporal Evolution of the High-energy Irradiation and Water Content of TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanets

hal.structure.identifierObservatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève [ObsGE]
dc.contributor.authorBOURRIER, V.
hal.structure.identifierDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] [EAPS]
dc.contributor.authorDE WIT, J.
hal.structure.identifierAstrophysique Interprétation Modélisation [AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)]
dc.contributor.authorBOLMONT, E.
hal.structure.identifierDivision of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena]
hal.structure.identifierJet Propulsion Laboratory [JPL]
dc.contributor.authorSTAMENKOVIĆ, V.
hal.structure.identifierUniversity of Warwick [Coventry]
dc.contributor.authorWHEATLEY, J.
hal.structure.identifierCenter for Astrophysics and Space Sciences [La Jolla] [CASS]
dc.contributor.authorBURGASSER, A. J.
hal.structure.identifierCavendish Laboratory
dc.contributor.authorDELREZ, L.
hal.structure.identifierCenter for Space and Habitability [CSH]
dc.contributor.authorDEMORY, B.-O.
hal.structure.identifierObservatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève [ObsGE]
dc.contributor.authorEHRENREICH, D.
hal.structure.identifierInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
dc.contributor.authorGILLON, M.
hal.structure.identifierInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
dc.contributor.authorJEHIN, E.
hal.structure.identifierECLIPSE 2017
dc.contributor.authorLECONTE, Jérémy
hal.structure.identifierNASA Johnson Space Center [JSC]
dc.contributor.authorLEDERER, S. M.
hal.structure.identifierSpace Telescope Science Institute [STSci]
dc.contributor.authorLEWIS, N.
hal.structure.identifierObservatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève [ObsGE]
dc.contributor.authorTRIAUD, A. H. M. J.
hal.structure.identifierInstitute of Astronomy [Cambridge]
dc.contributor.authorGROOTEL, V. Van
hal.structure.identifierInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
dc.contributor.authorVAN GROOTEL, V.
dc.date.issued2017-09
dc.description.abstractEnThe ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 hosts seven Earth-size transiting planets, some of which could harbor liquid water on their surfaces. Ultraviolet observations are essential to measuring their high-energy irradiation and searching for photodissociated water escaping from their putative atmospheres. Our new observations of the TRAPPIST-1 Lyα line during the transit of TRAPPIST-1c show an evolution of the star emission over three months, preventing us from assessing the presence of an extended hydrogen exosphere. Based on the current knowledge of the stellar irradiation, we investigated the likely history of water loss in the system. Planets b to d might still be in a runaway phase, and planets within the orbit of TRAPPIST-1g could have lost more than 20 Earth oceans after 8 Gyr of hydrodynamic escape. However, TRAPPIST-1e to h might have lost less than three Earth oceans if hydrodynamic escape stopped once they entered the habitable zone (HZ). We caution that these estimates remain limited by the large uncertainty on the planet masses. They likely represent upper limits on the actual water loss because our assumptions maximize the X-rays to ultraviolet-driven escape, while photodissociation in the upper atmospheres should be the limiting process. Late-stage outgassing could also have contributed significant amounts of water for the outer, more massive planets after they entered the HZ. While our results suggest that the outer planets are the best candidates to search for water with the JWST, they also highlight the need for theoretical studies and complementary observations in all wavelength domains to determine the nature of the TRAPPIST-1 planets and their potential habitability.
dc.language.isoen
dc.subject.enstars: individual: TRAPPIST-1
dc.subject.enplanets and satellites: terrestrial planets
dc.subject.enplanetary systems
dc.subject.enplanets and satellites: atmospheres
dc.subject.enstars: low-mass
dc.subject.enultraviolet: planetary systems
dc.title.enTemporal Evolution of the High-energy Irradiation and Water Content of TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanets
dc.typeArticle de revue
dc.identifier.doi10.3847/1538-3881/aa859c
dc.subject.halPlanète et Univers [physics]/Astrophysique [astro-ph]/Planétologie et astrophysique de la terre [astro-ph.EP]
dc.identifier.arxiv1708.09484
bordeaux.journalThe Astronomical Journal
bordeaux.pageid. 121
bordeaux.volume154
bordeaux.issue3
bordeaux.peerReviewedoui
hal.identifierhal-01583220
hal.version1
hal.popularnon
hal.audienceInternationale
hal.origin.linkhttps://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr//hal-01583220v1
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