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The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets

hal.structure.identifierBern University of Arts
dc.contributor.authorGRIMM, Simon L.
hal.structure.identifierCavendish Laboratory
dc.contributor.authorDEMORY, Brice-Olivier
hal.structure.identifierInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
dc.contributor.authorGILLON, Michael
hal.structure.identifierInstitute of Geophysics
dc.contributor.authorDORN, Caroline
dc.contributor.authorAGOL, Eric
dc.contributor.authorBURDANOV, Artem
dc.contributor.authorDELREZ, Laetitia
dc.contributor.authorSESTOVIC, Marko
hal.structure.identifierObservatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève [ObsGE]
dc.contributor.authorTRIAUD, Amaury H. M. J.
hal.structure.identifierLaboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) [LMD]
dc.contributor.authorTURBET, Martin
dc.contributor.authorBOLMONT, Emeline
hal.structure.identifierECLIPSE 2018
dc.contributor.authorCALDAS, A.
dc.contributor.authorDE WIT, Julien
hal.structure.identifierInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
dc.contributor.authorJEHIN, Emmanuel
hal.structure.identifierECLIPSE 2018
dc.contributor.authorLECONTE, J.
hal.structure.identifierECLIPSE 2018
dc.contributor.authorRAYMOND, Sean N.
hal.structure.identifierUniversité de Liège
dc.contributor.authorVAN GROOTEL, Valérie
dc.contributor.authorBURGASSER, Adam J.
dc.contributor.authorCAREY, Sean
dc.contributor.authorFABRYCKY, Daniel
hal.structure.identifierCenter for Space and Habitability [CSH]
dc.contributor.authorHENG, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorHERNANDEZ, David M.
dc.contributor.authorINGALLS, James G.
hal.structure.identifierDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] [DESY]
dc.contributor.authorLEDERER, Susan
hal.structure.identifierECLIPSE 2018
dc.contributor.authorSELSIS, Franck
hal.structure.identifierObservatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève [ObsGE]
dc.contributor.authorQUELOZ, Didier
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.issn0004-6361
dc.description.abstractEnContext. The TRAPPIST-1 system hosts seven Earth-sized, temperate exoplanets orbiting an ultra-cool dwarf star. As such, it represents a remarkable setting to study the formation and evolution of terrestrial planets that formed in the same protoplanetary disk. While the sizes of the TRAPPIST-1 planets are all known to better than 5% precision, their densities have significant uncertainties (between 28% and 95%) because of poor constraints on the planet's masses. Aims.The goal of this paper is to improve our knowledge of the TRAPPIST-1 planetary masses and densities using transit-timing variations (TTV). The complexity of the TTV inversion problem is known to be particularly acute in multi-planetary systems (convergence issues, degeneracies and size of the parameter space), especially for resonant chain systems such as TRAPPIST-1. Methods. To overcome these challenges, we have used a novel method that employs a genetic algorithm coupled to a full N-body integrator that we applied to a set of 284 individual transit timings. This approach enables us to efficiently explore the parameter space and to derive reliable masses and densities from TTVs for all seven planets. Results. Our new masses result in a five- to eight-fold improvement on the planetary density uncertainties, with precisions ranging from 5% to 12%. These updated values provide new insights into the bulk structure of the TRAPPIST-1 planets. We find that TRAPPIST-1\,c and e likely have largely rocky interiors, while planets b, d, f, g, and h require envelopes of volatiles in the form of thick atmospheres, oceans, or ice, in most cases with water mass fractions less than 5%.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherEDP Sciences
dc.subject.enAstrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
dc.title.enThe nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets
dc.typeArticle de revue
dc.identifier.doi10.1051/0004-6361/201732233
dc.subject.halPlanète et Univers [physics]/Astrophysique [astro-ph]/Planétologie et astrophysique de la terre [astro-ph.EP]
dc.identifier.arxiv1802.01377
bordeaux.journalAstronomy and Astrophysics - A&A
bordeaux.pageid.A68
bordeaux.volume613
bordeaux.peerReviewedoui
hal.identifierhal-01701918
hal.version1
hal.popularnon
hal.audienceInternationale
hal.origin.linkhttps://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr//hal-01701918v1
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