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hal.structure.identifierCentre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive [CEFE]
dc.contributor.authorVOLAIRE, Florence
hal.structure.identifierUnited States Department of Agriculture [USDA]
dc.contributor.authorGLEASON, Sean
hal.structure.identifierBiodiversité, Gènes & Communautés [BioGeCo]
dc.contributor.authorDELZON, Sylvain
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractEnUse of the term "functional" trait has increased exponentially in ecology. Although accounting for numerous ecological questions, this concept raises several issues. We propose that the term "functional" could be misleading because (1) no rigorous criteria exist to identify "functional" traits and (2) it suggests that only some traits ("functional" ones) can inform our understanding of species functioning, whatever the scale or discipline. Hence, the concept of "functional" trait in ecology is starting to be challenged and it remains unclear why some traits should be considered functional , whereas other traits should not. We argue that the most used "functional" traits are meaningful because they reflect important differences between populations or species, based on synchronic comparisons, that is, irrespective of time (hereafter "pattern" traits). Hence, they are useful for identifying trade-offs and strategies across large numbers of observations, usually at rather coarse scales, and are most often used in analyses of "big data." However, given that many ecological processes occur across short time scales and narrow gradients of climate and resource availability, the efficacy of these traits to inform us about these ecological processes appears questionable. We show that trait measurements that take time explicitly into account (hereafter "process" traits) differ from pattern traits because they quantify the flows of material and energy within a given environment across a defined period of time. Although pattern traits and process traits are both functional, it is important to understand the differences between the approaches. Moreover, better accounting of ontogeny, life form, plasticity, and genetic variability is required to enhance the convergence between pattern and process approaches. This revised framework allows more explicit connections between trait ecology and other biological sciences. It should enhance the study of processes at all scales in order to investigate efficiently the adaptive responses of biological organisms to climate change. K E Y W O R D S functional trait, genetic variability, life form, ontogeny, pattern, process
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley Open Access
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
dc.subject.enfunctional trait
dc.subject.engenetic variability
dc.subject.enlife form
dc.subject.enontogeny
dc.subject.enpattern
dc.subject.enprocess
dc.title.enWhat do you mean "functional" in ecology? Patterns versus processes
dc.typeArticle de revue
dc.typeArticle de synthèse
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/ece3.6781
dc.subject.halSciences de l'environnement/Biodiversité et Ecologie
bordeaux.journalEcology and Evolution
bordeaux.page11875-11885
bordeaux.volume10
bordeaux.issue21
bordeaux.peerReviewedoui
hal.identifierhal-02982881
hal.version1
hal.popularnon
hal.audienceInternationale
hal.origin.linkhttps://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr//hal-02982881v1
bordeaux.COinSctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=Ecology%20and%20Evolution&rft.date=2020&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=11875-11885&rft.epage=11875-11885&rft.au=VOLAIRE,%20Florence&GLEASON,%20Sean&DELZON,%20Sylvain&rft.genre=article&unknown


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