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dc.contributor.advisorBénédicte Wenden
hal.structure.identifierBiologie du fruit et pathologie [BFP]
dc.contributor.authorFOUCHÉ, Mathieu
dc.description.abstractSelon le dernier rapport du GIEC, la température moyenne sur Terre a déjà augmenté d’au moins 1,5 °C et cette tendance devrait se confirmer au cours des prochaines décennies. En particulier, le réchauffement climatique semble devenir une menace importante pour les arbres fruitiers tels que le cerisier doux (Prunus avium L.), notamment les hivers doux et fréquents réduisent l’accumulation de froid avec diverses conséquences telles que les nécroses, défauts et retards de débourrement, entraînant d’importantes pertes économiques. Le travail présenté a porté sur la caractérisation physiologique de la dormance du cerisier doux amenant à une meilleure compréhension de la progression de la dormance à partir d’expériences de forçage complémentaires sur des rameaux et des bourgeons floraux isolés donnant des informations robustes sur la capacité à répondre à la température. De plus, la capacité de transport pendant la dormance des bourgeons a permis de mieux définir le moment de l’entrée en dormance et de mettre en évidence des gènes clés impliqués dans la régulation de la capacité de transport au cours de la dormance. De plus, une étude transcriptomique, à partir de données RNA-seq mensuelles au cours de la dormance sous privation de froid a mis en évidence des gènes candidats clés impliqués dans les voies biologiques régulant la progression de la dormance en réponse à la température. Les résultats ont permis de mieux comprendre comment la température peut réguler l’expression des gènes candidats contrôlant la progression de la dormance.
dc.description.abstractEnAccording to the last 6th IPCC report, the average temperatures on Earth have already increased by at least 1.5 °C and this trend is expected to fasten in the next decades if human activities continue to generate greenhouse gas emission. In particular, global warming appears to become an important threat for fruit tree production such as sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Consequences on sweet cherry phenology have been already recorded, including an advance of flowering dates leading to a higher risk of damages by late spring frost. In addition, frequent mild winters reduce cold accumulation with various consequences such as bud defaults; necrosis and bud burst delays, leading to important economic losses. all these impacts of global warming can be linked to the wintering period also called dormancy, which is essential in the seasonal cycle to ensure an abundant and quality blooming allowing the reproductive success of fruit tree species and therefore fruit production. Dormancy is a phase when plant growth stops in order to protect fragile tissues from the unfavorable conditions of cold winter period. In this context, it is essential to include the response to temperature into breeding programs to create new cultivars well adapted to future climatic conditions. With this purpose, it is necessary to better characterize the molecular actors involved in the sweet cherry dormancy progression in response to temperature. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis project was to investigate how environmental conditions (temperature and photoperiod) could regulate sweet cherry dormancy and to identify the molecular mechanisms controlling dormancy progression and the response to temperature.<p>The first part of this work proposed a physiological characterization of sweet cherry dormancy under natural conditions. A better understanding and description of the dormancy progression were established from complementary forcing experiments on both twigs and isolated flower buds giving reliable information of the capacity to respond to temperature. In addition, we studied transport capacity during bud dormancy. We could better define the timing of dormancy onset and we highlighted key genes involved in transport capacity regulation during each dormancy stages.</p><p>The second part of this work was to characterize the molecular response to environmental constraints during dormancy and how temperature can influence gene expression with consequences on sweet cherry phenology stages, such as senescence and flowering date. Using RNA-seq on samples covering the entire dormancy under cold deprivation, this study highlighted key candidate genes involved in biological pathways regulating dormancy progression. Results brought a deeper understanding on the candidate genes controlling dormancy progression and how temperature can regulate their expression.</p><p>All candidate genes and signaling pathways identified in this project can be included as new targets in breeding programs for markers assisted selection in order to create cultivars well adapted to future climate change. These new data and hypotheses can be also integrated into new molecular-based phenology models to predict sweet cherry phenology under future climatic scenarios and provide crucial information to anticipate the risks and opportunities for fruit production.</p>
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectEspèces fruitières
dc.subjectchangement climatique
dc.subjectgénomique
dc.subjectphysiologie végétale
dc.subjectphénologie
dc.subject.enFruit trees climate change genomics plant physiology phenology
dc.subject.enFruit trees
dc.subject.enclimate change
dc.subject.engenomics
dc.subject.enplant physiology
dc.subject.enphenology
dc.titleEtudes des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la dormance en réponse à la température chez le cerisier doux (Prunus avium L.) Molecular mechanisms involved in dormancy in response to temperature in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)
dc.title.enMolecular mechanisms involved in dormancy in response to temperature in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)
dc.typeThèses de doctorat
dc.subject.halSciences du Vivant [q-bio]
bordeaux.type.institutionUniversité de Bordeaux
bordeaux.ecole.doctoraleScience de la vie et de la santé
hal.identifiertel-04847759
hal.version1
hal.origin.linkhttps://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr//tel-04847759v1
bordeaux.COinSctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&amp;rft.title=Etudes%20des%20m%C3%A9canismes%20mol%C3%A9culaires%20impliqu%C3%A9s%20dans%20la%20dormance%20en%20r%C3%A9ponse%20%C3%A0%20la%20temp%C3%A9rature%20chez%20le%20cerisier%20d&amp;rft.atitle=Etudes%20des%20m%C3%A9canismes%20mol%C3%A9culaires%20impliqu%C3%A9s%20dans%20la%20dormance%20en%20r%C3%A9ponse%20%C3%A0%20la%20temp%C3%A9rature%20chez%20le%20cerisier%20&amp;rft.au=FOUCH%C3%89,%20Mathieu&amp;rft.genre=unknown


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