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The process of ghost-rock karstification and its role in the formation of cave systems

hal.structure.identifierFaculté polytechnique de Mons
dc.contributor.authorDUBOIS, C.
hal.structure.identifierCERAK
hal.structure.identifierFaculté polytechnique de Mons
dc.contributor.authorQUINIF, Y.
dc.contributor.authorBAELE, J.-M.
dc.contributor.authorBARRIQUAND, L.
dc.contributor.authorBINI, A.
hal.structure.identifierInstitut national de recherches archéologiques préventives [Inrap]
hal.structure.identifierTravaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés [TRACES]
dc.contributor.authorBRUXELLES, Laurent
hal.structure.identifierInstitut national de recherches archéologiques préventives [Inrap]
hal.structure.identifierTravaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés [TRACES]
dc.contributor.authorDANDURAND, Grégory
dc.contributor.authorHAVRON, C.
dc.contributor.authorKAUFMANN, O.
hal.structure.identifierAménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés [ADES]
dc.contributor.authorLANS, Benjamin
hal.structure.identifierPassages
dc.contributor.authorMAIRE, Richard
dc.contributor.authorMARTIN, J.
hal.structure.identifierMorphodynamique Continentale et Côtière [M2C]
dc.contributor.authorRODET, J.
dc.contributor.authorROWBERRY, M.D.
dc.contributor.authorTOGNINI, P.
dc.contributor.authorVERGARI, A.
dc.date.issued2014-04
dc.identifier.issn0012-8252
dc.description.abstractEnThis paper presents an extensive review of the process of ghost-rock karstification and highlights its role in the formation of cave systems. The process integrates chemical weathering and mechanical erosion and extends a number of existing theories pertaining to continental landscape development. It is a two stage process that differs in many respects from the traditional single-stage process of karstification by total removal. The first stage is characterised by chemical dissolution and removal of the soluble species. It requires low hydrodynamic energy and creates a ghost-rock feature filledwith residual alterite. The second stage is characterised by mechanical erosion of the undissolved particles. It requires high hydrodynamic energy and it is only then that open galleries are created. The transition fromthe first stage to the second is driven by the amount of energywithin the thermodynamic system. The process is illustrated by detailed field observations and the results of the laboratory analyses of samples taken from the karstotype area around Soignies in southern Belgium. Thereafter, a series of case studies provide a synthesis of field observations and laboratory analyses fromacrosswestern Europe. These studies come from geologically distinct parts of Belgium, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The process of ghost-rock karstification challenges a number of axioms associated with the process of karstification by total removal. On the basis of the evidence presented it is argued that it is no longer acceptable to use karst morphologies as a basiswithwhich to infer specific karstogenetic processes and it is no longer necessary for a karst systemto relate to base level as ghost-rock karstification proceeds along transmissive pathways in the rock. There is also some evidence to suggest that ghost-rock karstification may be superseded by karstification by total removal, and vice versa, according to the amount of energy within the thermodynamic system. The proposed chemical weathering and subsequentmechanical erosion of limestone suggest that the development of karst terrain is related far more closely to the geomorphological development of aluminosilicate and siliceous terrains than is generally supposed. It is nownecessary to reconsider the origin ofmany karst systems in light of the outlined process of ghost-rock karstification.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.subject.enChemical weathering
dc.subject.enLimestone dissolution
dc.subject.enKarstification
dc.subject.enWestern Europe
dc.subject.enSpeleogenesis
dc.subject.enGhost-rock
dc.title.enThe process of ghost-rock karstification and its role in the formation of cave systems
dc.typeArticle de revue
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.01.006
dc.subject.halPlanète et Univers [physics]/Sciences de la Terre/Géologie appliquée
dc.subject.halPlanète et Univers [physics]/Sciences de la Terre/Géomorphologie
bordeaux.journalEarth-Science Reviews
bordeaux.page116-148
bordeaux.volume131
bordeaux.peerReviewedoui
hal.identifierhal-02269127
hal.version1
hal.origin.linkhttps://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr//hal-02269127v1
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