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Study of the influence of water and oxygen on the morphology and chemistry of pyritized lignite: Implications for the development of a preventive drying protocol

hal.structure.identifierCentre de Recherche sur la Conservation [CRC ]
hal.structure.identifierPHysicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX [PHENIX]
dc.contributor.authorODIN, Giliane P.
hal.structure.identifierCentre de Recherche sur la Conservation [CRC ]
dc.contributor.authorBELHADJ, Oulfa
hal.structure.identifierDepartment of Chemistry
dc.contributor.authorVANMEERT, Frederik
hal.structure.identifierDepartment of Chemistry
dc.contributor.authorJANSSENS, Koen
hal.structure.identifierInstitut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux [ICMCB]
dc.contributor.authorWATTIAUX, Alain
hal.structure.identifierLaboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques [LRMH]
dc.contributor.authorFRANÇOIS, Alexandre
hal.structure.identifierCentre de Recherche sur la Conservation [CRC ]
dc.contributor.authorROUCHON, Véronique
dc.date.issued2019-09
dc.identifier.issn1296-2074
dc.description.abstractEnLignite constitutes a unique testimony of past diversity and evolution of land plants. This material, usually waterlogged, is particularly difficult to dry because of its mechanical sensitivity to moisture changes. In addition, lignite may contain organic and inorganic sulfides, which are susceptible to oxidation once excavated. As a result, the conservation of lignite is particularly complicated and lignite remains scarce in paleobotanical collections. We experimentally test different drying protocols on waterlogged pyritized lignite, while documenting the respective role of water and oxygen on their morphology and chemistry. The results reveal that inorganic sulfides (pyrite) are more prone to oxidation than organic sulfides (thioethers). Critically, water is the main factor responsible for this oxidation, provoking sulfate efflorescence when samples are further exposed to oxygen. On the other hand, an abrupt removal of water provokes significant mechanical damage while sulfur remains mostly present as reduced compounds. The control of water and oxygen exchanges is thus critical for conserving lignite without physical damage and efflorescence. We successfully achieved this by storing the samples in hermetically sealed plastic bags made of semi-permeable films, which slowly release humidity while allowing a gradual influx of oxygen. We advise curators to quickly handle lignite once removed from its waterlogged environment because of the fast kinetics of oxidation, and to choose a drying protocol according to the purpose of the lignite treated. Finally, once dried, we advise to store the lignite in an anhydrous environment.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.subject.enFossil wood
dc.subject.enPyrite
dc.subject.enConservation
dc.subject.enSulfur
dc.subject.enOxidation
dc.subject.enXANES
dc.title.enStudy of the influence of water and oxygen on the morphology and chemistry of pyritized lignite: Implications for the development of a preventive drying protocol
dc.typeArticle de revue
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.culher.2019.08.004
dc.subject.halChimie/Matériaux
dc.subject.halSciences de l'Homme et Société/Archéologie et Préhistoire
bordeaux.journalJournal of Cultural Heritage
bordeaux.page117-130
bordeaux.volume42
bordeaux.peerReviewedoui
hal.identifierhal-02308008
hal.version1
hal.popularnon
hal.audienceInternationale
hal.origin.linkhttps://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr//hal-02308008v1
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