In this study, an extensive virome investigation was performed on a germplasm collection of pear trees ( Pyrus communis L.) from the Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (Gembloux, Belgium). In total, 128 pear trees samples were analyzed as pools using high-throughput sequencing techniques and/or tested individually for targeted viruses by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). During the virome survey, a novel velarivirus was identified in several asymptomatic trees, and four known viruses were detected. Bioinformatics tools were used to assemble the genome of the new virus. The pear germplasm collection from Kozjanski Park (Slovenia) and a viral collection from Agroscope (Nyon, Switzerland) were also surveyed for the new pear virus and for three known viruses (citrus virus A [CiVA], apple rubbery wood virus 1 [ARWV-1], and apple rubbery wood virus 2 [ARWV-2]) to study their prevalence and geographic distribution. In Belgium, the new velarivirus was detected by RT-PCR in 6 of the 99 sampled trees (6%) and CiVA in 49 (49%) of them; in Slovenia, four of the six trees sampled (67%) were positive for CiVA; and in Switzerland, four of the nine trees sampled (44%) were positive for CiVA and 1 (11%) for ARWV-1 and -2. This study combined pooled high-throughput sequencing analyses to maximize the amount of germplasm tested and targeted RT-PCR tests on individual samples for accurate detection. It reports and describes a new velarivirus discovered in pear trees and first detections of CiVA in Belgium, Switzerland, and Slovenia, as well as ARWV-1 and -2 in Switzerland. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .Read less <