Sex ratio and fertility preferences in India: A longitudinal analysis

CLÉMENT, Matthieu; LEVASSEUR, Pierre; SEETAHUL, Suneha

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107046

CLÉMENT, Matthieu
Bordeaux sciences économiques [BSE]

LEVASSEUR, Pierre

SEETAHUL, Suneha

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Article de revue

Ce document a été publié dans

World Development. 2025-08, vol. 192, p. 107046

Résumé en anglais

Birth control policies and entrenched patriarchal norms have contributed to a highly imbalanced male/female ratio in India. While the impact of son preference on the sex ratio is largely studied, the consequences of a male-skewed sex ratio on women’s fertility preferences remain underexplored. Merging different longitudinal datasets (Indian Census and IHDS panel household survey), this article provides an original empirical analysis of the effect of district-level sex ratios on women’s fertility preferences and the nested pathways of this relationship. Individual and time fixed-effects regressions show that district-level surplus of men negatively affects women’s desired number of sons. The robustness of these findings is confirmed after conducting multiple checks, including controlling for endogeneity by leveraging temperature data from the India meteorological department (1952–2011). The investigation of potential pathways shows that a higher district male/female ratio may make gender norms and the marriage market more favorable to women (via an increase in decision-making power and age of marriage, and a decrease in the dowry price and domestic violence acceptance). We conclude that this self-corrective process which shapes the relationship between sex ratio and son preference in contexts of entrenched patriarchal norms, hinders gender equality.< Réduire

Mots clés en anglais

Missing women

Fertility

Gender norms

Marriage market

India

URI

https://oskar-bordeaux.fr/handle/20.500.12278/206565

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107046

Unités de recherche

Bordeaux Sciences Economiques / Bordeaux School of Economics (BSE) - UMR 6060

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