Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a developmental disorder involving first and second branchial arches derivatives, mainly characterised by asymmetric ear anomalies, hemifacial microsomia, ocular defects and vertebral malformations. Although numerous chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with OAVS, no causative gene has been identified so far. We aimed to identify the first causative gene for OAVS. As sporadic cases are mostly described in Goldenhar syndrome, we have performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on selected affected individuals and their unaffected parents, looking for de novo mutations. Candidate gene was tested through transient knockdown experiment in zebrafish using a morpholino-based approach. A functional test was developed in cell culture in order to assess deleterious consequences of mutations. By WES, we identified a heterozygous nonsense mutation in one patient in the myelin transcription factor 1 () gene. Further, we detected one heterozygous missense mutation in another patient among a cohort of 169 patients with OAVS. This gene encodes the . Functional studies by transient knockdown of , homologue of in zebrafish, led to specific craniofacial cartilage alterations. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (RA), a known teratogenic agent causing OAVS, led to an upregulation of cellular endogenous expression. Additionally, cellular wild-type overexpression induced a downregulation of RA receptor β (, whereas mutated did not. We report as the first gene implicated in OAVS, within the RA signalling pathway.< Réduire