Is it possible to cultivate grapevines without pesticides? Minimizing pesticide use is a huge challenge for the production of this emblematic crop, which currently heavily depends on chemical-intensive pest and disease management strategies. Given this challenge, which research avenues could lead to the elimination of pesticides in viticulture? Effectively removing pesticides requires integrating multiple management strategies, each typically only partially effective, and a shift from curative to agroecological vineyard management based on prevention and improved agrosystem resistance. Consequently, a thorough and in-depth understanding of agrosystem functioning is necessary in order to identify new reliable approaches and to optimize available methods (i.e., technical innovations). It is also essential to identify the most effective combinations of management strategies and the critical paths to pesticide-free systems. Research must also address any barriers and incentives that could hinder or accelerate this agroecological transition (i.e., systemic innovations). The VITAE research project brings together researchers from INRAE, the universities of Bordeaux and Bourgogne, and the Institut Agro Montpellier. Using an interdisciplinary approach that integrates findings in biology, physiology, ecology, oenology and economic sciences, the VITAE project tackles research areas that have not yet been sufficiently explored, while investigating the extent of the social changes needed to promote this agroecological revolution.Read less <