In the context of climate changes that will modify the dynamic of plant pathogen populations, a better understanding of the ability of phytopathogenic fungi to evolve under abiotic stress conditions is essential to anticipate the emergence of new genotypes better adapted to the environment. The ascomycete Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen of cereal crops, and can contaminate food and feed with harmful mycotoxins. An evolution of the populations of this pathogen towards more toxigenic and potentially more aggressive strains has been observed, suggesting a strong capacity of adaptation. Among the evolutionary forces that can shape pathogen populations, the ability of the F. graminearum genome to mutate is very poorly documented. To study the dynamic of the mutation events at the genome level in this fungus, we performed an in vitro pilot assay of "evolve and sequence" approach based on an experimental evolution design combined with whole genome resequencing. The application of such concept in fungi remain scarce. Briefly, serial transfers on artificial medium under stress temperature vs. standard conditions have been conducted over 20 one-week long subculture cycles. The initial culture, considered as the ancestor genotype is designed as S0, and the last one is S20. Three independent evolved populations were managed in parallel. Genomes of the derived strains at S5, S10, S15 and S20 were sequenced and further compared to the genome ancestor (S0). All S20 derived strains, together with the S0 (fixed by cryoconservation) were examined for in vitro growth and toxin production. First results on phenotypic and genomic data will be presented and discussed.< Leer menos