The purpose of this article is to discuss several modern aspects of remeshing, which is the task of modifying an ill-shaped tetrahedral mesh with bad size elements so that it features an appropriate density of high-quality elements. After a brief sketch of classical stakes about meshes and local mesh operations, we notably expose (i) how the local size of the elements of a mesh can be adapted to a user-defined prescription (guided, e.g., by an error estimate attached to a numerical simulation), (ii) how a mesh can be deformed to efficiently track the motion of the underlying domain, (iii) how to construct a mesh of an implicitlydefined domain, and (iv) how remeshing procedures can be conducted in a parallel fashion when large-scale applications are targeted. These ideas are illustrated with several applications involving high-performance computing. In particular, we show how mesh adaptation and parallel remeshing strategies make it possible to achieve a high accuracy in large-scale simulations of complex flows, and how the aforementioned methods for meshing implicitly defined surfaces allow to represent faithfully intricate geophysical interfaces, and to account for the dramatic evolutions of shapes featured by shape optimization processes.Read less <