Recent empirical evidence emphasizes the higher prevalence of overweight and obesity for women,especially in developing countries. However, the potential link between gender inequality and obesity has rarelybeen investigated. Using longitudinal data from India (IHDS 2005–11), we implement Hausman-Taylor andfixed-effect models to estimate the effect of different dimensions of gender inequalities on female overweight.This study demonstrates that the form of gender inequality or women’s mistreatment differently affects femalebodyweight. Indeed, we show that some forms of women’s mistreatments (such as perceived communityviolence and age difference with husband) increase the risk of female overweight, whereas more severe formsof abuse such as child marriage increase the risk of underweight. Moreover, we also find that higher decision-making power and autonomy about outings are risk factors of weight gain and obesity, especially in urbansettings, perhaps indicating a higher exposure to urban obesogenic lifestyles. To conclude, our results suggestthat, although improving women’s status in society may be a key action to address the epidemic of obesity,policies must also target hazardous habits that emancipation may imply in urban (obesogenic) environments.Read less <