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Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Sacred Values and Vulnerability to Violent Extremism

hal.structure.identifierHospital del Mar Research Institute [IMIM]
dc.contributor.authorPRETUS, Clara
hal.structure.identifierUniversity College of London [London] [UCL]
dc.contributor.authorHAMID, Nafees
hal.structure.identifierThe New School for Social Research
dc.contributor.authorSHEIKH, Hammad
hal.structure.identifierDept Psychology
hal.structure.identifierThe New School for Social Research
dc.contributor.authorGINGES, Jeremy
hal.structure.identifierNeurociencias y Ciencias de la Salud
hal.structure.identifierUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona [UAB]
dc.contributor.authorTOBEÑA, Adolf
hal.structure.identifierCultures et Littératures des Mondes Anglophones [CLIMAS]
dc.contributor.authorDAVIS, Richard
hal.structure.identifierUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona [UAB]
dc.contributor.authorVILARROYA, Oscar
hal.structure.identifierInstitut Jean-Nicod [IJN]
dc.contributor.authorATRAN, Scott
dc.date.issued2018-12-21
dc.description.abstractEnViolent extremism is often explicitly motivated by commitment to abstract ideals such as the nation or divine law—so-called “sacred” values that are relatively insensitive to material incentives and define our primary reference groups. Moreover, extreme pro-group behavior seems to intensify after social exclusion. This fMRI study explores underlying neural and behavioral relationships between sacred values, violent extremism, and social exclusion. Ethnographic fieldwork and psychological surveys were carried out among 535 young men from a European Muslim community in neighborhoods in and around Barcelona, Spain. Candidates for an fMRI experiment were selected from those who expressed willingness to engage in or facilitate, violence associated with jihadist causes; 38 of whom agreed to be scanned. In the scanner, participants were assessed for their willingness to fight and die for in-group sacred values before and after an experimental manipulation using Cyberball, a toss ball game known to yield strong feelings of social exclusion. Results indicate that neural activity associated with sacred value processing in a sample vulnerable to recruitment into violent extremism shows marked activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region previously associated with sacred values and rule retrieval. Participants also behaviorally expressed greater willingness to fight and die for sacred versus nonsacred values, consistent with previous studies of combatants and noncombatants. The social exclusion manipulation specifically affected nonsacred values, increasing their similarities with sacred values in terms of heightened left inferior frontal activity and greater expressed willingness to fight and die. These findings suggest that sacralization of values interacts with willingness to engage in extreme behavior in populations vulnerable to radicalization. In addition, social exclusion may be a relevant factor motivating violent extremism and consolidation of sacred values. If so, counteracting social exclusion and sacralization of values should figure into policies to prevent radicalization.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.subject.ensacred values will to fight social exclusion Cyberball neuroimaging fMRI radicalization violent extremism
dc.subject.ensacred values
dc.subject.enwill to fight
dc.subject.ensocial exclusion
dc.subject.enCyberball
dc.subject.enneuroimaging
dc.subject.enfMRI
dc.subject.enradicalization
dc.subject.enviolent extremism
dc.title.enNeural and Behavioral Correlates of Sacred Values and Vulnerability to Violent Extremism
dc.typeArticle de revue
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02462
dc.subject.halSciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Neurosciences [q-bio.NC]/Sciences cognitives
bordeaux.journalFrontiers in Psychology
bordeaux.volume9
bordeaux.peerReviewedoui
hal.identifierhal-04056540
hal.version1
hal.popularnon
hal.audienceInternationale
hal.origin.linkhttps://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr//hal-04056540v1
bordeaux.COinSctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=Frontiers%20in%20Psychology&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft.volume=9&rft.au=PRETUS,%20Clara&HAMID,%20Nafees&SHEIKH,%20Hammad&GINGES,%20Jeremy&TOBE%C3%91A,%20Adolf&rft.genre=article


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