Studies on the predictors of overweight and obesity report multifactorial causes including biological, medical and social factors. Among the psychological factors also studied, stress, body dissatisfaction or self-esteem ...
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Studies on the predictors of overweight and obesity report multifactorial causes including biological, medical and social factors. Among the psychological factors also studied, stress, body dissatisfaction or self-esteem are identified as correlates or consequences frequently involved in the prediction of depression in people with overweight or obesity. While depression and its interventions have been widely studied in this field, research on well-being and its improvement in this population remain modest. The objective of this doctoral work, carried out within the framework of an Industrial Convention for Training through Research (CIFRE) established between the University of Bordeaux and the PiLèJe laboratory, is to study the psychological determinants of well-being and depression in a population of adults with overweight or obesity, using data from the ESTEAM cohort. After a first introductory part presenting the framework and the origins of this work, the second part of the document presents a review of the main results from the scientific literature and describes the psychological experience of overweight people, focusing on the well-being and depression, as well as their treatments. The third part addresses, in the first place, the creation and the tools of the ESTEAM software and, secondly, the analyses performed using the data from the cohort, as well as the studies and scientific articles carried out. Finally, the general discussion, proposed in the fourth part of the document, presents research and clinical perspectives for understanding the issues related to the well-being of people with overweight and obesity. The "Results" section describes the analyses carried out within the framework of the psychometric approach, whose aim was to study the factorial structures and psychometric qualities of the seven scales included in the protocol using exploratory and confirmatory multi-group analyses. This section encompasses results of the French validation of an eating self-efficacy scale, published in the journal Plos One, as well as those regarding the development of a “Physical hunger” scale. Secondly, the analyses performed within the framework of an individual-centered approach allowed to verify the existence of psychological profiles of patients presenting specific characteristics and different levels of well-being and depression. These results, published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, highlight the existence of a profile specific to women, defined by bodily concerns and a profile specific to men, defined by eating and bodily concerns. Finally, the analyses carried out within the framework of a variable-centered approach point out, using regression analyses, that Body Mass Index, self-esteem and physical hunger are the main predictors of well-being. In addition, the mediation and moderation analyses described further the nature of the links between the predictors of well-being. The general discussion of the results provides recommendations regarding the evolution of the ESTEAM protocol, concerning both the tools used and the methods of data collection. It discusses empirical research perspectives proposing to deepen the knowledge about the nature of the relationship between well-being and depression, as well as applied research perspectives aimed at testing the effectiveness of psychological interventions using single-case protocols or randomized controlled trials within specific profiles of women and men with overweight or obesity. More broadly, it announces the perspectives for social reflection aimed at promoting the well-being of this population.
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